Finance Minister Shri Arun Jaitley Outlines Measures to Curb Black Money in Budget 2015-16

In order to curb trade based money laundering, making false declarations/ documents in the transaction of any business relating to Customs (section 132, Customs Act) will be brought under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act as a “predicate offence”.

A Bill for a comprehensive new law to deal with black money parked abroad is likely to be introduced in the current session. Key features of the new law on black money are –

·         Evasion of tax in relation to foreign assets to have a punishment of rigorous imprisonment upto 10 years, be non compoundable, have a penalty of 300 % and the offender will not be permitted to approach the Settlement Commission.

·         Non filing of return/filing of return with inadequate disclosures to have a punishment of rigorous imprisonment upto 7 years.

·         Undisclosed income from any foreign assets to be taxable at the maximum marginal rate.

·         Mandatory filing of return in respect of foreign asset.

·         Entities, banks, financial institutions including individuals all liable for prosecution and penalty.

·         Concealment of income/evasion of income in relation to a foreign asset to be made a ‘predicate’ offence under PML Act, 2002

·         PML Act, 2002 and FEMA to be amended to enable administration of new Act on black money.

Also, the Government proposes Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Bill to curb domestic black money to be introduced in the current session of Parliament.

DSM/YSK/SPS/VKS

(Release ID :116174) 

Eligible Donations to Swachh Bharat Kosh and Clean Ganga Fund to be 100% Deductible under section 80G of the Income-tax Act.

The Finance Minister, Shri Arun Jaitley presenting the Budget for 2015-16 in Lok Sabha today, proposed that donations (other than CSR contributions under the Companies Act 2013) to the Swachh Bharat Kosh (by residents and non residents) and Clean Ganga Fund (by residents) will be 100 % deductible under section 80G of the Income-tax Act. 

He emphasized on improving the quality of life and public health through Swachh Bharat initiatives. He increased the clean energy cess from Rs. 100 to Rs. 200 per metric tonne of coal etc. to finance clean environment initiatives. Shri Jaitley further raised excise duty from 12 % to 15 % on sacks and bags of polymers of ethylene other than for industrial use. He further introduced an enabling provision to levy Swachh Bharat cess at 2 % or less on all or certain services if required. Shri Jaitley proposed in the budget to exempt services by common effluent treatment plants from service tax. Concessions on custom and excise duty for electrically operated vehicles and hybrid vehicles are to be extended upto 31.03.2016, Shri Jaitley said. 

DSM/YSK/SPS/VKS 
(Release ID :116180) 

Principle of “Definitive Traceability"

The Supreme Court today laid down the the principle of “definitive traceability” in order to establish that his forefathers belonged to the scheduled caste that comes within the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 .

K.P. Manu v. Chairman, Scrutiny Committee for Verification of Community Certificate
CIVIL APPEAL No. 7065 OF 2008

Judgment Dated : 26/02/2015

CORAM : Dipak Misra .J , V. Gopala Gowda .J

Brief Facts of the case :

The appellant got married to a Christian lady and that has been held against him.

ISSUE INVOLVED :
Whether on conversion and at what stage a person born to Christian parents can, after reconversion to the Hindu religion, be eligible to claim the benefit of his original caste.

Observation :

As far as marriage is concerned, in our considered opinion, that should not have been considered as the central and seminal facet to deny the benefit. When the community has accepted and the community, despite the marriage, has not ex-communicated or expelled, the same would not be a disqualification.

CATCHPHRASE:

Three things that need to be established by a person who claims to be a beneficiary of the caste certificate:
(i) There must be absolutely clear cut proof that he belongs to the caste that has been recognised by the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950;
(ii) There has been reconversion to the original religion to which the parents and earlier generations had belonged; and
(iii) There has to be evidence establishing the acceptance by the community.

[Each aspect according to the court is very significant, and if one is not
substantiated, the recognition would not be possible. ]

Observation : It is the community which has the final say as far as acceptance is concerned, for it accepts the person, on reconversion, and takes him within its fold. Therefore, we are inclined to hold that the appellant after reconversion had come within the fold of the community and thereby became a member of the scheduled caste. Had the community expelled him the matter would have been different.

Dedicated Benches in High Courts to deal with election petition exclusively. SC

The Supreme Court today declared that in each High Court dedicated Benches shall be created by the concerned Chief Justice to deal with the election petitions exclusively.

Mohd. Akbar v. Ashok Sahu & Ors.
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 2538-40 OF 2015

Judgment Dated : 27/02/2015

CORAM : J. Chelameswar .J, Rohinton Fali Nariman .J

CATCHPHRASE :

1.Very rarely an election dispute gets resolved during the tenure of the declared candidate reducing the adjudicatory process into a mockery of justice.

The reasons for delay in the matter are as follows:
(i) The stakes are very high for the parties. Nothing short of the membership of a constitutional body for a limited period. The power and glory that go with such membership is too high and valuable and the returned candidates naturally leave no stone unturned for protracting the litigation as long as possible.

(ii) The law of elections and election disputes is highly technical. Therefore, there is always scope for lot of objections and cross-objections regarding every step in the conduct of the election petition.

(iii) The absence of dedicated Benches in the High Court for resolution of the election disputes is another factor which contributes enormously to the delay in the adjudicatory process.

Surya Dev Rai vs. Ram Chander Rai and Ors. 2003 (6) SCC 675 ovrerruled

The three- Judge Bench of the Supreme Court yesterday declared that "Challenge to judicial orders could lie by way of appeal or revision or under Article 227 and not by way of a writ under Article 226 and 32.

The Apex Court overruled the contrary view in Surya Dev Rai vs. Ram Chander Rai and Ors. 2003 (6) SCC 675 that an order of civil court was amenable to writ jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution.

RADHEY SHYAM & ANR v. CHHABI NATH & ORS.
CIVIL APPEAL NO.2548 OF 2009

Judgment Dated : 26/02/2015

CORAM : H.L. DATTU CJI , A.K. SIKRI .J, ADARSH KUMAR
GOEL .J

CATCHPHRASE:
(i) Judicial orders of civil court are not amenable to writ jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution;

(ii) Jurisdiction under Article 227 is distinct from jurisdiction from jurisdiction under Article 226.

WEEKLY CASE LAW DIGEST - FEBRUARY 16 to 20 Feb – 2015

1.     Once an application in due compliance of Section 8 of the Arbitration Act is filed, the approach of the civil court should be not to see whether the court has jurisdiction. It should be to see whether its jurisdiction has been ousted". – Says Supreme Court

M/s. Sundaram Finance Limited & Anr. v. T. Thankam 
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 2079 OF 2015

Judgment Dated : 20/02/2015

CORAM : M.Y. EQBAL .J, KURIAN JOSEPH .J

ISSUE INVOLVED :
What should be the approach of the court once an application is filed in terms of Sec.8 of Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 before the civil court?

2.     Once the High Court has already entertained the application under Section 11 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act,1996. Then, the Award cannot be challenged before a Court subordinate to the High Court. – Says Supreme Court

REASON : Exercise of jurisdiction by such court shall be against the provision of Section 42 of the Act.

M/S. BHANDARI UDYOG LIMITED v. INDUSTRIAL FACILITATION COUNCIL AND ANOTHER
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 2077 OF 2015

Judgment Dated : 20/02/2015

CORAM : M.Y. Eqbal .J , Kurian Joseph .J

Brief Facts of the Case :

The Appellant had filed petition under section 11 for the appointment of arbitration before the Karnataka High Court - Now, Once the Arbitral Award was passed - The respondent challenged the Award by filing an application under Section 34 of 1996 Act before the District Court. Hence, this substantial question of Law.

3.     Compassionate appointment can not be granted to a post for which the candidate is ineligible. - Says Supreme Court

Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation & Ors. v. Revat Singh 
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 2061 OF 2015

Judgment Dated : 20/02/2015

CORAM : Dipak Misra .J, Prafulla C. Pant .J

Brief Facts of the Case :

The Respondent's father( Driver) died in harness - He sought compassionate appointment on the post of driver - Qualification for the post of driver is marticulation but the respondent was only 8th Standard Pass .

CATCHPHRASE :

1.The courts and tribunals do not have the power to issue direction to make appointment by way of granting relaxation of eligibility or in
contravention thereof. (State of Gujarat v. Arvindkumar T. Tiwari,
(2012) 9 SCC 545)

2.Fixing eligibility for a particular post or even for admission to a course falls within the exclusive domain of the legislature/executive and cannot be
the subject-matter of judicial review, unless found to be arbitrary, unreasonable or has been fixed without keeping in mind the nature of service.

4.     If last day for filing charge sheet is holiday, the accused cannot be deprived of benefit of Section 167(2) of CrPC. – Says Supreme Court

REASON : Section 167(2) of CrPC shall be read with Sec. 10 of the General Clauses Act,1897 under such circumstances.

Ravi Prakash Singh @ Arvind Singh v. State of Bihar
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.325 OF 2015

Judgment Dated : 20/02/2015

CORAM : Dipak Misra .J, Prafulla C. Pant .J

5.     When the case is in toto based on circumstantial evidence, It is necessary for the prosecution to complete the chain of event of occurrence of an offence. - Says Supreme Court

Sanjeev v. State of Haryana
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1149 OF 2013

Judgment Dated : 19/02/2015

CORAM : T.S. Thakur .J,Rohinton Fali Nariman .J, Prafulla C. Pant .J

CATCHPHRASE :

1. When the deceased had suffered the injuries, there should have been some explanation on the record from the side of the defence as to
how he (accused) received the injury.

2. It is settled principle of law that, to establish commission of murder by an accused, motive is not required to be proved. ( Para 15)

3.Motive is something which prompts a man to form an intention. The intention can be formed even at the place of incident at the time of commission of crime.

6.      Suspension of Delhi High Court order on Prasar Bharti Case allows Doordarshan to display the sports events on the channet till the next order is passed. – Supreme Court

Prasar Bharati v. Board of Control for Cricket in India & Ors.
Special Leave Petition (Civil) Nos. 4572-4573 of 2015

Order Dated : 20/02/2015

CORAM : RANJAN GOGOI .J, PRAFULLA C. PANT .J

7.     Whether Personal Liberty to choose the profession can be snatched away by the Government Policy. - Decided Madras High Court

Dr.M. Balasundaram and Ors. v. State of Tamilnadu & Anr.
W.A.No.1315 of 2014

Judgment Dated : 16/02/2015

CORAM : SATISH K. AGNIHOTRI .J, M.VENUGOPAL .J

The writ petitioners were not considered for promotion on the post of Associate Professor in General Surgery on the ground that they had obtained M.Ch in Pediatric Surgery (Super speciality).

It was stated by the Director of the Medical education that they have acquired super speciality degree M.Ch in Urology, Neurology and Paediatric Surgery respectively, as government candidate, for which the Government spends huge money to impart medical education and at the same time provides stipend to the private candidates and also valuable increments including the stipend equal to the salaries to the service candidates, therefore on completion of two years M.Ch degree along with two years teaching experience, the Government provided them the super speciality course expecting their services to be utilized in their concerned speciality branch only. Therefore, when the Government as an employer has got the right to expect the specialist Doctors to utilize their skills for the benefit of the poor and the needy peoplee, the non-consideration of the petitioners for the post of Associate Professor in General Surgery, cannot said to be at fault.

The Appellate Court held that unless there is any restriction, bond or undertaking given by the writ petitioner or put by the Government, at the time of undergoing super speciality course at the expense of the State Government. The Authority concerned cannot bar the promotion of the petitioners.

8.     The State Government cannot pass any order amending a procedural law regarding reservation in the matter of selection to posts, with retrospective effect, once the procedure of selection starts. - Says Supreme Court

M. SURENDER REDDY v. GOVT. OF ANDHRA PRADESH AND ORS. 
CIVIL APPEAL NO.5099 OF 2006

Judgment Dated : 18/02/2015

CORAM : SUDHANSU JYOTI MUKHOPADHAYA .J, V. GOPALA GOWDA .J

CATCHPHRASE :

1.In absence of any express or necessarily implied provision in the statute, normally statute affects the rights prospectively.

2.A statutory provision is held to be retrospective either when it is so declared by express terms, or the intention to make retrospective clearly follows from the relevant words and the context in which they occur.

9.     In Absence of any other evidence, Mere illicit relationship is not sufficient to establish mental cruelty under Section 498-A and 306 of IPC : Says Supreme Court.

Ghusabhai Raisangbhai Chorasiya & Ors v. State of Gujarat 
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 262 OF 2009

Judgment Dated : 18/02/2015

CORAM : DIPAK MISRA .J, SUDHANSU JYOTI MUKHOPADHAYA .J

10.Articles 233 to 235 of the Constitution empower the High Court to maintain its independent functioning by allowing its recruitment process by prescribing its own limitations and not to be affected by even a statutory prescription relating to reservation. - Says Supreme Court

Nawal Kishore Mishra & Ors. v. High Court of Judicature at Allahabad
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 1956-1957 OF 2015

Judgment Dated : 17/02/2015

CORAM : Fakkir Mohamed Ibrahim Kalifulla .J, Abhay Manohar Sapre .J

11.A right to claim pension is governed by the statue. Hence, an employee has no right to claim any benefit in relation to pension dehores the statute.- Says Supreme Court

State of Madhya Pradesh & Others v. Hitkishore Swami 
CIVIL APPEAL No. 1892 OF 2015

Judgment Dated : 16/02/2015

CORAM : FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA .J, ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE .J

12.The Supreme Court today exercising its power under Art.142 of the Indian Constitution granted permission to the college to continue the 2014-15 session even though there was non- compliance of regulation 6 of AICTE Regulations,2012.

Mahatma Education Society’s Pillai’s Institute of Information Technology, Engineering, Media Studies & Research  v.  All India Council for Technical Education & Ors. 
WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO.1034 OF 2014

Judgment Dated : 16/02/2015

CORAM : ANIL R. DAVE .J, KURIAN JOSEPH .J

Brief Facts of the Case:

According to Regulation 6 of the Regulations, the petitioner was supposed to have certain land with lawful possession and clear title in the name
of the petitioner society but it was found that the petitioner was not having land as per the provisions of AICTE Regulations 2012.

The Supreme Court concerning the inconvenience and difficulties that could be faced by the already admitted student asked the college to comply with the regulation within a year.

13. The Supreme Court discussed the visitation rights of the Parent.

ROXANN SHARMA v.  ARUN SHARMA 

CIVIL APPEAL No. 1966    OF 2015

Judgment Dated : 17/02/2015

CORAM : VIKRAMAJIT SEN .J, C. NAGAPPAN .J

14. Serious allegation against the police officers compelled the Supreme Court to direct CBI to investigate the concern of rape victims.

Miss. X v.  State of Uttar Pradesh

WRIT PETITION (Crl.) No. – 218 of 2013

Judgment Dated : 17/02/2015

CORAM : M.Y Eqbal .J,  Shiva Kirti Singh .J

15. Collector, Panchayat Office, Railway Station , Bus Stand are conspicuous place. – says Supreme Court

STATE OF KARNATAKA TR.  SEC. HSG. & URB. & ANR.  V. VASAVADATTA CEMENT & ANOTHER

CIVIL APPEAL NO.1918 OF 2015

Judgment Dated : 16/02/2015

CORAM : SUDHANSU JYOTI MUKHOPADHAYA .J , VIKRAMAJIT SEN .J

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Dr.M. Balasundaram v. State of Tamilnadu & Ors.
W.A.No.1315 of 2014

Judgment Dated : 16/02/2015

CORAM : SATISH K. AGNIHOTRI .J, M.VENUGOPAL .J


The writ petitioners were not considered for promotion on the post of Associate Professor in General Surgery on the ground that they had obtained M.Ch in Pediatric Surgery (Super speciality).

It was stated by the Director of the Medical education that they have acquired super speciality degree M.Ch in Urology, Neurology and Paediatric Surgery respectively, as government candidate, for which the Government spends huge money to impart medical education and at the same time provides stipend to the private candidates and also valuable increments including the stipend equal to the salaries to the service candidates, therefore on completion of two years M.Ch degree along with two years teaching experience, the Government provided them the super speciality course expecting their services to be utilized in their concerned speciality branch only. Therefore, when the Government as an employer has got the right to expect the specialist Doctors to utilize their skills for the benefit of the poor and the needy peoplee, the non-consideration of the petitioners for the post of Associate Professor in General Surgery, cannot said to be at fault.

The Appellate Court held that unless there is any restriction, bond or undertaking given by the writ petitioner or put by the Government, at the time of undergoing super speciality course at the expense of the State Government. The Authority concerned cannot bar the promotion of the petitioners.

Non-compliance of sec.42(2) of NDPS Act 1985 alone can be the sole ground for acquittal.

The Madras High Court acquitted the accused on the ground of non-compliance of Section 42(2) of the NDPS Act,1985. It is to be noted here that non-compliance of sec.42(2) alone can be the sole ground for acquittal.

Thangaraj v. The State represented by The Inspector of Police, NIB CID, 

Criminal Appeal (MD)No.249 of 2008

Judgment Dated : 11/02/2015

CORAM : M.SATHYANARAYANAN,J. 

Brief Facts of the Case :
The Police mounted survilliance and identified the accused - after due formalities, search was made and a bag containing 1.250 Kg. of Ganja was found.

ERRED MADE BY THE POLICE :
Under Section 42(2) NDPS Act 1985, if the information was received
when the police officer was in the police station with sufficient time to take action and if the police officer fails to record in writing the information received or fails to send a copy thereof, to the official superior, then it will be a suspicious circumstance being a clear violation of Section 42 of the Act.

Explanation of Order VII Rule 11 of CPC

Rejection of the plaint under Order VII rule 11 of the CPC is a drastic power conferred in the court to terminate a civil action at the threshold. says Supreme Court

P.V. GURU RAJ REDDY REP. BY GPA LAXMI NARAYAN REDDY & ANR v. P. NEERADHA REDDY & ORS. ETC.
CIVIL APPEAL NO.5254 OF 2006

Judgment Dated : 13/02/2015

CORAM : RANJAN GOGOI .J, PRAFULLA C. PANT .J

LEGAL POINT :

At the stage of exercise of power under Order VII rule 11, the stand
of the defendants in the written statement or in the application for rejection of the plaint is wholly immaterial. It is only if the averments in the plaint ex facie do not disclose a cause of action or on a reading thereof the suit appears to be barred under any law the plaint can be rejected.

When the search is conducted at a public place compliance with Section 42(2) NDPS Act,1985 is not at all necessary. - Reiterated Kerala High Court.

MOIDEENKUTTY v. STATE OF KERALA
CRL.A.No. 772 of 2014

Judgment Dated : 11/02/2015

CORAM : K. ABRAHAM MATHEW .J

Brief Facts of the Case :
1.The Police received reliable information that a person wearing lungi and white shirt had brought 2 kg. ganja for sale at Blangad Beach .
2. They rushed to the spot where they found the accused with a packet in his hand.
3. The Lower court convicted him.
4. Now, the Appellant has challenged the order on the ground of non-compliance of the search and seizure procedure as laid down under the NDPS Act,1985.

Reliance Placed upon on two important judgment :

1.State of Punjab v. Baldev Singh (1999) 6 SCC 172
2.Karnail Singh v. State of Haryana (2009) 8 SCC 539

The Supreme court today reiterated the principle laid down for circumstantial evidence in Sharad Birdhichand Sardar v. State of Maharashtra (1984) 4 SCC 116

BHIM SINGH & ANR. v. STATE OF UTTARAKHAND
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 2146 OF 2009

Judgment Dated : 11/02/2015

Brief Facts of the Case :

Appellant got married to his wife in the year 1997 - His wife met with an unnatural death in her in-laws house - 90% burnt injury - cause of death was not ascertained by the medical officers.

CATCHPHRASE :

Principles for Circumstancial Evidence:

(1) The circumstances from which the conclusion of guilt is to be drawn must or should be and not merely “may be” fully established.

(2) The facts so established should be consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused, that is to say they should not be explainable on any other hypothesis except that the accused is guilty.

(3) The circumstances should be of conclusive nature and tendency.

(4) They should exclude every possible hypothesis except the one to be proved and,

(5) There must be a chain of evidence so complete as not to leave any reasonable ground for the conclusion consistent with the innocence of the accused and must show that in all human probability the act must have been done by the accused.

Merely because the deceased suffered 70 percent burns does not raise an assumption that he could not have given the oral dying declaration. - Says Supreme Court

DASIN BAI@ SHANTI BAI v. STATE OF CHHATTISGARH
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.827 OF 2008

Judgment Dated : 11/02/2015

CORAM : M.Y. EQBAL .J, PINAKI CHANDRA GHOSE .J

Brief Facts of the Case :

The deceased accompany the appellant to his house - Appellant asked him to stay tonight - While deceased was asleep , Appellant poured kerosene and set him on fire - Deceased shouted for help - Neighbour came and took him to the hospital. He stated his dying declaration in the hospital.

Polygamy is merely a religious practice under muslim law and not a part of religious belief or faith - says Supreme Court

The Supreme Court today reiterated that "No religion in India dictates or mandates as an obligation to enter into bigamy or polygamy or to have children more than one. What is permitted or not prohibited by a religion does not become a religious practice or a positive tenet of a religion. A practice does not acquire the sanction of religion simply because it is permitted."

KHURSHEED AHMAD KHAN v. STATE OF U.P. & ORS.
CIVIL APPEAL NO.1662 OF 2015

Judgment Dated : 09/02/2015

CORAM :T.S. THAKUR .J, ADARSH KUMAR GOEL .J

Facts of the Case:

Appellant is employed as Irrigation suprevisor (Govt. Employee) - solemnises second marriage which is strictly prohibited under the rule - During the course of argument also raised the constitutional validity of the Government Rule

.

ISSUE INVOLVED :

Whether Rule 29(1) of the U.P. Government Servant Conduct Rules, 1956 is violative of Article 25 of the Indian Constitution.

CATCHPHRASE :

1. Polygamy is not integral part of religion and monogamy is a reform within the power of the State under Article 25.

2.A Sharp distinction must be drawn between religious faith and belief and
religious practices. What the State protects is religious faith and belief. If
religious practices run counter to public order, morality or health or a policy of social welfare upon which the State has embarked, then the religious practices must give way before the good of the people of the State as a whole.

3.Appreciation of Javed v. State of Haryana (2003) 8 SCC 369 Judgment

4.Though the personal law of Muslims permitted having as many
as four wives but it could not be said that having more than one wife is a part of religion. Neither is it made obligatory by religion nor is it a matter of freedom of conscience.

CASE LAW DIGEST - SEPTEMBER 2014

• The Delhi High Court dismissed a suit by a media house purporting copyright infringement on its database of users, as the database was “nothing but a collection of e-mail addresses"

TECH PLUS MEDIA PRIVATE LTD v. JYOTI JANDA & ORS
CS(OS) 119/2010

Judgment Dated:29/09/2014

Brief Facts of the Case:

The plaintiff claimed that collection of data amounted to an original expression of thoughts of the plaintiff and preparing the database involved “immense original skill, thought process and imagination”.

CONCLUSION:

The Court held that the plaint did not disclose how the database in question could be afforded copyright protection, as “the said databases are nothing but a collection of the e-mail addresses of the visitors to the website/news portal of the plaintiff.”
The Court referred to the landmark decision of the Supreme Court in Eastern Book Company v. D.B. Modak (2008) where it was held that for a compilation of data to be protected by copyright, it must be demonstrated not only that the creator exercised labour and capital, but also skill and judgment such that it is not a mechanical exercise.

The Court also commented on how the Copyright Act is often being misused by employers to harass employees who have quit employment. This is especially evidenced by the fact that such suits are usually only pressed till interim stage (when the opposite party is sufficiently “scared”) and are abandoned thereon.

CATCHPHRASE:

1. The plaintiff being a juristic person is incapable of being the author of any work in which copyright may exist.

2. Application of Doctrine of "Sweat of the Brow" have been outcasted by Doctrine of modicum of creativity.

• The Competition Commission of India issued order against Super Cassettes Industries Limited for abusing dominant position imposes penalty of Rs. 2.83 crores.

M/s HT Media Limited v. M/s Super Cassettes Industries Limited

Case No. 40 of 2011

Judgment Dated: 1/10/2014

CATCHPHARSE:

1.The Competition Commission of India(CCI)has imposed a penalty of Rs. 2.83 crores @ 8% of the average turnover of the last 3 financial years on Super Cassettes Industries Limited for abusing dominant position.

2.The Commission found Super Cassettes Industries Limited to be in dominant position in the relevant market of licensing of Bollywood music to private FM radio stations for broadcast in India.

3.The Commission held Super Cassettes Industries Limited in contravention of the provisions of section 4(2)(a)(i) of the Competition Act, 2002 for imposing unfair conditions of Minimum Commitment Charges (MCC) upon the private FM Stations in its existing agreements.

4. CCI also directed Super Cassettes Industries Limited to modify the unfair condition of MCC imposed on private FM Stations in the agreements within 3 months.

• The Punjab & Haryana High Court stated that Differential educational criteria for dealership in LPG outlets located in rural and urban areas are justified. Such criteria do not involve restriction to freedom of profession, trade or calling under Article 19 but satisfy reasonable classification under Article 14 of the Constitution .

Vikash v. Union of India
Writ Petition (Civil) No.28009/ 2013

Judgment Dated : 17/09/2014

Facts of the Case:

The Minimum qualification for grant of dealership license was made Diploma in Engineering in the year 2013. However, under RGGLV (Rajiv Gandhi Gramin LPG Vitaran), there is was no such restriction and it allowed even for a matriculate to be eligible to apply for dealership

CONCLUSION:

1.Levels of education in a village are relatively lower and, therefore, compulsions of graduation or any higher degrees would not have been appropriate.

2.The Intelligible Differentia here are the gradations dependent on educational qualifications and the object sought to be achieved is to empower section of people who are educated and who would also fulfill certain other norms relating to property holding identifying property for locating the business etc.

• The HP High Court has set aside the plea to review its landmark order imposing a ban on animal sacrifices in religious places in the state and issued 7 mandatory directions, prohibiting/banning animal/bird sacrifice in the temples and public places.

Ramesh Sharma. v. State of Himachal Pradesh and Ors.
CWP No. 9257 of 2011

Judgment : 26/09/2014

CORAM : Rajiv Sharma .J, Sureshwar Thakur .J

DIRECTIONS  ISSUED BY THE HIGH COURT:

1. No person throughout the State of Himachal Pradesh shall sacrifice any animal or bird in any place of religious worship, adoration or precincts or any congregation or procession connected with religious worship, on any public street, way or place, whether a thoroughfare or not, to which the public are granted access to or over which they have a right to pass;
2. No person shall officiate or offer to officiate at, or perform or offer to perform, or serve, assist or participate, or offer to serve, assist, or participate, in any sacrifice in any place of public religious worship or adoration or its precincts or in any congregation or procession, including all lands, buildings near such places which are ordinarily used for the purposes connected with religious or adoration, or in any congregation or procession connected with any religious worship in a public street;
3. No person shall knowingly allow any sacrifice to be performed at any place which is situated within any place of public religious worship, or adoration, or is in his possession or under his control;
4. The State Government is directed to publish and circulate pamphlets henceforth to create awareness among the people, to exhibit boards, placards in and around places of worship banning the sacrifice of animals and birds;
5. The State Government is further directed to give due publicity about the prohibition and sacrifice in media both audio and visual, electronic and in all the newspapers; and
6. All the duty holders in the State of Himachal Pradesh are directed to punctually and faithfully comply with the judgment. It is made clear that the Deputy Commissioners and Superintendents of Police of all the Districts shall personally be responsible to prevent, prohibit the animal / bird sacrifices throughout the State of Himachal Pradesh.
7. The expression ‘temple’ would mean a place by whatever designation known, used as a place of public worship and dedicated to, and for the benefit of, or used as a right by the Hindu community or any section thereof, as a place of public religious worship. The temple premises shall also include building attached to the temple, land attached to the temple,  which is generally used for the purposes of worship in the temple, whether such land is in the property of temple area or place attached to the temple or procession is performed.

• The conduct of Delhi University made it possible to take admission in LLB Course even without holding the Graduation degree.- However, the Delhi High Court granted Justice ( but only inference that one can drew out from this judgment is that APPLICATION OF LAW IS ALWAYS SUBJECT TO CERTAIN EXCEPTIONS.. :P).

            "Exceptio semper ultima ponenda est".

PRASHATN CHAUHAN v. UNIVERSITY OF DELHI & ANR
W.P.(C) 6398/2014

Judgment dated: 29/09/2014

CORAM :MANMOHAN, J

Brief facts of the case:

1. The Petitioner is the Student of DU at School of Open Learning.However, the results of Graduation courses have not been declared.

2. The Petitioner also sat for DU LLB Entrance test and qualified the same.But, his admission was rejected on the ground that he has not yet received the graduation degree.

3.The seat alloted to the petitioner is stiill vacant.

CONCLUSION:
The Respondents are directed to give admission to the petitioner against the vacant LL.B. seat in Academic Session 2014-15 for which he had been provisionally selected in the counselling after having qualified the entrance test as per his rank in the General category. ( It is clarified that admission to the petitioner shall be subject to his passing the graduation course.)

• The Supreme Court passed an interim order to accommodate the seats of medical colleges which are are likely to remain vacant for the academic year 2014-15 within 30th Sept, 2014 seeking its power under Article 142 of the Indian Constitution.

The Apex Court also directed the petitioners to file undertakings by President/Chairman and Secretary of the petitioners' institutions running  medical colleges within 10 days from today, to the effect that there is no defect in the medical colleges run by them and they would also state that their deposit with the MCI, which is around Rs.10 crores, be forfeited by  way of penalty if the statement made in the undertaking is found to be incorrect at the time of the next inspection.

HIND CHARITABLE TRUST SHEKHAR HOSPITAL PVT. LTD. v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS.
WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 469 OF 2014

Judgment Dated : 18/09/2014

CORAM:ANIL R. DAVE .J , VIKRAMAJIT SEN .J , UDAY UMESH LALIT .J

GROUND:
Because of non-renewal of recognition of several medical colleges, our citizens would be deprived of a good number of physicians.

• The Constitution Bench upheld the principle of "Lex prospicit non respicit" which means "Law looks forward,not backward". (Strict Interpretation of Taxation Statute)
• The Constitution Bench overruled the Commissioner of Income Tax, Central II v. Suresh N. Gupta case in which proviso to Sec.113 of the Income Tax Act , 1961 was treated as retrospective/ clarificatory in nature.

COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX (CENTRAL)-I, NEW DELHI v. VATIKA TOWNSHIP PRIVATE LIMITED

CIVIL APPEAL NO.8750 OF 2014

Judgment Dated : 15/09/2014

CORAM : R.M. Lodha CJI, Jagdish Singh Khehar .J, J. Chelameswar .J, A.K. Sikri .J , Rohinton Fali Nariman .J

ISSUE INVOLVED
whether the proviso appended to Section 113 of the Income Tax Act (hereinafter referred to as 'the Act') which was inserted in that Section by the Finance Act, 2002 is to operate prospectively or is clarificatory and
curative in nature and, therefore, has retrospective operation.

REASON:
1. Imposing a retrospective levy on the assessee would have caused undue hardship.
2.Please Read para 39 (d) and (f) of the Judgment.

• The 3-Judge Bench of Allahabad High Court declared that An order of the magistrate rejecting an application under Section 156 (3) of the Code for the registration of a case by the police and for investigation is not an interlocutory order. Such an order is amenable to the remedy of a criminal revision under Section 397 CrPC.
• Under Such Circumstances, The complianant shall not file case under Sec.482 or Sec.401 of CrPC.

Jagannath Verma & Ors v. State of U P & Anr
Criminal Misc Case No 3778 of 2012

Judgment Dated : 23/09/2014

CORAM: Dr Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud, Chief Justice, Dr D K Arora. J, Hon’ble D K Upadhyaya, J

ISSUE INVOLVED:
Whether an order made under Section 156 (3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 is an interlocutory order and the remedy of a revision against such an order is barred under sub-section (2) of Section 397.

CONCLUSION:
1. An interlocutory order merely regulates the procedure and does not affect rights or liabilities.

2. An order which determines matters of moment or which affects valuable rights is not an interlocutory order.

3. An order passed by the magistrate declining to entertain an application under Section 156 (3) is a matter of moment for the complainant or the informant because such an order has the effect of declining to issue a direction to the police to register an FIR and investigate the case. (Refer para 48,49.50,51 of the judgment)

NOTE :  Sec.397(2) bars the revision of Interlocutory Order passed in any appeal, inquiry, trial or other proceeding

• IIPM and its management / officials including its Dean Mr. Arindam Chaudhuri are restrained with immediate effect from using the word “MBA, BBA, Management Course, Management School, Business School or B-School. Says Delhi High Court....

B. MAHESH SHARMA v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS
W.P.(C) 5937/2010

Judgment Dated: 26/09/2014

CORAM:G. Rohini CJI, RAJIV SAHAI ENDLAW .J

IIPM and its management / officials including its Dean Mr. Arindam Chaudhuri are directed to prominently display on the website of IIPM that they are not recognized by any statutory body / authority and the status of the Foreign University / Institution and/or its Degree or Certificate in the
country of its origin and whose Degree or certificate the students enrolling in the Course / Programme offered by the IIPM.

• The Constitution Bench of Supreme Court held that National Tax Tribunals Act . 2005 is unconstitutional, being the ultimate encroachment on the exclusive  domain of the superior Courts of Record in India.
• Substantial questions of law which relate to taxation would also involve many areas of civil and criminal law, for example Hindu Joint Family Law, partnership, sale of goods, contracts, Mohammedan Law, Company Law, Law relating to Trusts and Societies, Transfer of Property, Law relating toIntellectual Property, Interpretation of Statutes and sections dealing with prosecution for offences. It is therefore not correct to say that taxation, being a specialized subject, can be dealt with by a tribunal. All substantial questions of law have under our constitutional scheme to be decided by the superior courts and the superior courts alone

Madras Bar Association v. Union of India and Anr.
TRANSFERRED CASE (C) NO. 150 OF 2006

Judgment Dated : 25/09/2014

CORAM : R.M. LODHA CJI, JAGDISH SINGH KHEHAR .J, J. CHELAMESWAR .J, A.K. SIKRI .J, R.F. Nariman .J

CATCHPHRASE:

I. Justice Khehar observations (Who wrote Judgment in consonance with other 3- judges) circumscribes around Hinds v. The Queen Director of Public Prosecutions v. Jackson Attorney General of Jamaica (Intervener), 1976 All ER Vol. (1) 353 and Indian Constitution being Westminster Model.

II. One of the objects for enacting the National Tax Tribunals Act, as stated by the Minister on the floor of the House, is that the National Tax Tribunal can lay down the law for the whole of India which then would bind all other 35 authorities and tribunals. This is a direct encroachment on the High Courts’ power under Art. 227 to decide substantial questions of law which would bind all tribunals..( Observation by Nariman .J at para 31 of his judgment)

1. Validity of Sec. 5 ( Refer Para 80 of the Judgment)
Establishment of Tax Tribunal Only at NCT deprive the litigating assessee, the convenience of approaching the jurisdictional High Court in the State.

2. Validity of Sec. 6 (Refer Para 82 of the Judgment)
Qualification of the appointment of the member

3.Validity of Sec.7 (Refer Para 87 of the Judgment)
It is not possible to accept a party to a litigation, can participate in the selection process

4. Validity of Sec. 8 (Refer Para 89 of the Judgment)
The above provision would undermine the independence and fairness of the Chairperson and Members of the NTT

5. Development of Art.227 very succinctly explained by Justice Nariman. (Please read para 11 onward of his judgment) Excellent observation by Nariman .J in para 24

• The Division Bench of the Supreme Court  issued guidelines that needs to be followed in the matters of investigating police encounters in the cases of death. (Please refer para 31 of the Judgment)

People’s Union for Civil Liberties & Anr. v. State of Maharashtra & Ors.
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.1255 OF 1999

Judgment Dated : 23/09/2014

CORAM : R.M. Lodha CJI, Rohinton Fali Nariman .J

• The illustration (g) appended to Section 114 of the Evidence Act is only a permissible inference and not a necessary inference. Says Delhi High Court

BIJENDER v. STATE
CRIMINAL APPEAL :857/2011

Judgment Dated :19/09/2014

CORAM : PRADEEP NANDRAJOG .J ,MUKTA GUPTA .J
CONCLUSION:
Merely because a material witness is not examined by the prosecution, a criminal court would not lean to draw an adverse inference that if he was examined, he would have given a contrary version.

• Circumstantial Evidence cannot be the sole ground for Conviction. Says Supreme Court

VIJAY THAKUR v. STATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 632 OF 2011

Judgment Dated : 19/009/2014

CORAM:J. CHELAMESWAR, A.K. SIKRI .J

Conclusion:

1. In a case relating to circumstantial evidence, the chain of circumstances has to be spelt out by the prosecution and if even one link in the chain is
broken the accused must get the benefit thereof.

2.The discovery is a weak kind of evidence and cannot be wholly relied upon on and conviction in such a serious matter cannot be based upon the
discovery.

3.Suspicion, however strong, cannot take the character of proof.

• The 3- Judge Bench of the Supreme Court stated that "A complaint filed under Section 138 of the NI Act before the expiry of 15 days from the date on which the notice has been served on the drawer/accused is no complaint in the eye of law. Hence, no cognizance of an offence can be taken on the basis of such complaint.

Yogendra Pratap Singh v. Savitri Pandey & Anr.
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.605 OF 2012

Judgment Dated : 19/09/2014

CORAM: R.M. Lodha CJI, Kurian Joseph .J, Rohinton Fali Nariman .J

ISSUE INVOLVED:
Can an offence under Section 138 of the NI Act be said to have been committed when the period provided in clause (c) of the proviso has not expired?

• The Division Bench of the Supreme Court declared that allotment of Land to the Institute of Law was arbitrary, unreasonable and unjust and is opposed to provision of Art.14 of the Constitution.

INSTITUTE OF LAW & ORS. v. NEERAJ SHARMA & ORS.
CIVIL APPEAL NO.2143 OF 2007

Judgment Dated:19/09/2014

CORAM: SUDHANSU JYOTI MUKHOPADHAYA .J, V. GOPALA GOWDA .J

FACTS OF THE CASE:
The allotment of land was made in favour of appellant-Institute for 99 years on lease hold basis with the condition that the initial lease period will be 33 years and renewable for two like periods only if the lessee continues to fulfil
all conditions of allotment.

CATCHPHRASE:

1.Maintainability of Writ Petition (Refer para 21 to 25 of the Judgment)

CONCLUSION:

The policy followed by the Chandigarh Administration where the allotment of land was done in favour of the appellant-Institute without giving any public notice and in the absence of a transparent policy based upon objective criteria and without even examining the fact that the Union Territory of Chandigarh is already under extreme pressure of over population and even in the case of allotment of school sites by making no attempt to enforce clause 18 of the (Allotment of land to Educational Institutions (Schools),Rules etc. )Scheme on a Lease-hold basis in Chandigarh Scheme 1996, thereby confining the said provision merely to the statute book, is arbitrary, unreasonable and unjust and is opposed to the provisions of Article 14 of the Constitution of India.

• The Division Bench of the Supreme Court stated that It is the experience of the Judge which comes to his aid and ....the said experience should be used with care, caution, circumspection and courageous prudence with respect to the quashment of the Criminal proceedings under Sec.482 CrPC.
• How Power under Sec.482 CrPC needs to be analysed.

State of Maharashtra Through CBI v. Vikram Anantrai Doshi and Others
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 2048 OF 2014

Judgment Dated: 19/09/2014

CORAM : Dipak Misra .J, Vikramajit Sen .J

• Suit containing a counter-claim can be heard by DRT or Civil Court Alone. - Matter referred to Larger Bench

Bank of Rajasthan Ltd. v. VCK Shares & Stock Broking Services Ltd.
CIVIL APPEAL Nos.8973-8973 OF 2014

Judgment Dated: 17/09/2014

CORAM: RANJAN GOGOI .J, S.A. BOBDE .J

The Division Bench finds it appropriate to refer the following questions of law to a larger Bench:

(a) Whether an independent suit filed by a borrower against a Bank or Financial Institution, which has applied for recovery of its loan against the plaintiff under the DRB Act, is liable to be transferred and tried along with the application under the RDB Act by the DRT?

(b) If the answer is in the affirmative, can such transfer be ordered by a court only with the consent of the plaintiff?

(c) Is the jurisdiction of a Civil Court to try a suit filed by a borrower against a Bank or Financial Institution ousted by virtue of the scheme of the RDB Act in relation to proceedings for recovery of debt by a Bank or Financial Institution?

•  The Supreme Court expressed its opinion about nature and manner of admissibility of Electronic Evidence

Anvar P.V. v. P.K. Basheer and others
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 4226 OF 2012

Judgment Dated : 18/09/2014

CORAM: R. M. LODHA CJI, KURIAN JOSEPH .J, ROHINTON FALI NARIMAN .J

ISSUE INVOLVED:
What is the nature and manner of admission of electronic records?

CATCHPHRASE:
1. First Principles of Evidence.

> Construction by plaintiff, destruction by defendant.
> Construction by pleadings, proof by evidence;
> Proof only by relevant and admissible evidence.
> Genuineness, veracity or reliability of the evidence is seen by the court only after the stage of relevancy and admissibility.

2.The very caption of Section 65A of the Evidence Act, read with Sections 59 and 65B is sufficient to hold that the special provisions on evidence relating to electronic record shall be governed by the procedure prescribed under Section 65B of the Evidence Act. That is a complete code in itself.(Generalia specialibus non derogant)

3. If an electronic record as such is used as primary evidence under Section 62 of the Evidence Act, the same is admissible in evidence, without compliance of the conditions in Section 65B of the Evidence Act.

• Blanket Cancellation of allotment of dealership does not result in automatic allotment of Second empanelled Candidate. Says The Division Bench of Supreme Court

Chairman cum Managing Director Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. and Ors. v. Sunita Kumari & Anr.
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 8980 OF 2014

Judgment Dated: 18/09/2014

CORAM: Madan B. Lokur .J, C. Nagappan .j

ISSUE INVOLVED:
Whether, on the cancellation of the allotment of a dealership or distributorship for petroleum products in favour of the first ranked or first empanelled candidate, there is an automatic allotment in favour of the second ranked or second empanelled candidate, subject to fulfillment of the
conditions of allotment.

CONCLUSION:
If the allotment is tainted due to political connections or patronage or other extraneous considerations, the entire selection process is vitiated and, therefore the second ranked or second empanelled candidate is not entitled to an automatic allotment of a dealership or distributorship in his or her favour.

•  Only the husband, his parents or at best close family members may be expected to demand dowry or to harass the wife but not distant relations, unless there is tangible material to support allegations made against such distant relations. - Says Supreme Court

KAILASH CHANDRA AGRAWAL & ANR. v. STATE OF U.P. & ORS

CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 2055 of 2014

Judgment Dated : 16/09/2014

CORAM : V. GOPALA GOWDA .J, ADARSH KUMAR GOEL .J

CONCLUSION:
Mere naming of distant relations is not enough to summon them in absence of any specific role and material to support such role.

• The Division Bench of Supreme Court once again reiterated that Evidence of child witness cannot be rejected unless the same is tutored or unless the same is unreliable.

GUL SINGH v. STATE OF M.P. & ANR.
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.667 of 2011

Judgment Dated : 16/09/2014

CORAM: V. GOPALA GOWDA .J, ADARSH KUMAR GOEL .J

FACTS:

On the night intervening 24th /25th of May, 1998 - the accused persons with a view to kidnap Parubai, arrived, armed with weapons like Dharia, Falia and Lathi - assaulted family members - dragged away Parubai and Later, she was subjected to rape.

CONCUSION:
In the present case not only the evidence of the child witness is reliable and not tutored, it is corroborated by other testimony.

• Delay in lodging FIR and Complaint raises doubt about the prosecution case. - Supreme Court

The Division Bench of Supreme Court stated that "In cases of abuse of powers and obtaining pecuniary advantage and causing wrongful loss , the time of lodging complaint and registration of FIR cannot be considered on the touchstone of prompt lodging of complaint like other cases of murder, dacoity and assault etc., where there are possibilities of exaggeration and embellishments being crept in."

EDMUND S LYNGDOH v. STATE OF MEGHALAYA
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 2056 OF 2014

Judgment Dated: 16/09/2014
CORAM : T.S. Thakur .J, R. Banumathi .J

CATCHPHARSE:
1. Whether the term "Abuse" means "Misuse" .( Please refer para 31 of the judgment)

• During the pendency of the arbitration proceedings, there cannot be enforcement or specific performance of an agreement. - says Supreme Court

Orissa Manganese & Minerals Ltd. v. Synergy Ispat Pvt. Ltd.
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 8645 OF 2014

Judgment Dated: 1209/2014

CORAM :Chelameswar .J , A.K. Sikri .J

• The Division bench of the Supreme Court once again reiterated that Suspicion however strong cannot be a substitute for proof. In a case resting completely on the circumstantial evidence the chain of circumstances must be so complete that they lead only to one conclusion, that is, the guilt of the accused.

Sangili @ Sanganathan v. State of Tamil Nadu
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 639 OF 2011

Judgment Dated: 10/09/2014

CORAM: J. Chelameswar .J, A.K. Sikri .J

• Combating piracy is imperative for safety of seafarers as well as successful world trade. The issue is of international concern as noted, it is receiving the attention of Government of India at highest level. We do hope the Government of India will continue its efforts for protection of affected citizens- Says the Division Bench of Supreme Court

GAURAV KUMAR BANSAL v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS.
WRIT PETITION (C) NO. 536 OF 2012

Judgment Dated: 09/09/2014

CORAM: T.S. THAKUR .J, ADARSH KUMAR GOEL .J

CONCLUSION:
Periodic review at the appropriate level and a nodal officer may be designated who may continue to coordinate such activities

• Appreciation or re-appreciation of evidence must come to a halt at some stage of the judicial proceedings and cannot percolate to the constitutional court exercising jurisdiction under Article 136- says Division Bench of Supreme Court

LEELA RAJAGOPAL & ORS. v. KAMALA MENON COCHARAN & ORS.
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 9282 OF 2010

Judgment Dated: 08/09/2014

CORAM: RANJAN GOGOI .J, R.K. AGRAWAL .J

• The Supreme Court overruled the contrary view taken by the different High Courts in the present matter.

STATE OF NCT OF DELHI v. SANJAY
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 499 OF 2011

Judgment Dated: 04/09/2014

CORAM: M.Y. Eqbal .J, Pinaki Chandra Ghose .J

Issue: Whether the provisions contained in Sections 21, 22 and other sections of Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 operate as bar against prosecution of a person who has been charged with allegation which constitutes offences under Section 379/114 and other provisions of the Indian Penal Code.

Conclusion:
1. Dishonestly removing sand, gravels and other minerals from the river, which is the property of the State constitute an offence of theft apart from offences under Special Statute.

2. For the commission of offence under Section 378 I.P.C., on receipt of the police report, the Magistrate having jurisdiction can take cognizance of the said offence without awaiting the receipt of complaint that may be filed by the authorized officer for taking cognizance in respect of violation of various provisions of the MMRD Act.

• Re-evaluation of Marksheet on the ground of ambiguous answer cannot be accepted.- says Delhi High Court

SALIL MAHESHWARI v. THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AND ANR
W.P.(C) 4976/2014

Judgment Dated : 05/09/2014

CORAM :S. RAVINDRA BHAT .J, VIPIN SANGHI .J

• The Division Bench of Supreme Court defined "Memory" as a highly fluid entity that changes, sometimes dramatically, with the passage of time.

(Excellent Explanation of " General Theory on Memory" is mentioned under Para 15 of the Judgment)

PARGAN SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB & ANR. 
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.47 OF 2014

Judgment Dated: 05/09/2014

CORAM: A.K. Sikri .J, J. Chelameswar .J

CATCHPHRASE:
The Apex Court in the instant matter stated that 90 seconds was too long a period which could enable the eye-witness (PW-2) to watch the accused persons and such a horrible experience would not be easily forgotten.

Death of a friend and near death experience by the witness himself would be etched in the memory for long. Therefore, faces of accused persons would not have been forgotten even after 7½ years.

• The Supreme Court for the 1st time deliberated its opinion on "Fundamental Policy of Indian Law" in the below mentioned judgment.

Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. v. Western Geco international Ltd. 
CIVIL APPEAL NO.3415 OF 2007

Judgment Dated:04/09/2014

CORAM :T.S. THAKUR .J, C. NAGAPPAN .J, ADARSH KUMAR GOEL .J

CATCHPHRASE:

The Apex Court deciphered three principles to identify the "Fundamental Policy of Indian Law". The Court further stated that this principle, however, shall not be treated as exhaustive in itself.

1.In every determination whether by a Court or other authority that affects the rights of a citizen or leads to any civil consequences, the Court or
authority concerned is bound to adopt what is in legal parlance called a ‘judicial approach’ in the matter. (Para 26)

2.The Court and also a quasi-judicial authority must, while determining the rights and obligations of parties before it, do so in accordance with the principles of natural justice.(Para 28)

3. A decision which is perverse or so irrational that no reasonable person would have arrived at the same will not be sustained in a Court of law. (Salutary Juristic Fundamental) (Para 29)

• The Division Bench of the Supreme Court stated stated that If a non-arbitrable dispute is referred to an Arbitrator and even if an issue is framed by the Arbitrator in relation to such a dispute then there cannot be a presumption or a conclusion to the effect that the parties had agreed to refer the issue to the Arbitrator.

M/s Harsha Constructions v. Union of India & Ors.
CIVIL APPEAL NO.534 OF 2007

Judgment Dated: 05/09/2014
CORAM: ANIL R. DAVE .J, VIKRAMAJIT SEN .J

CATCHPHRASE:
It was not open to the Arbitrator to decide the issues which were not arbitrable and the award, so far as it relates to disputes regarding non-arbitrable disputes is concerned, is bad in law .

• The Division Bench of Supreme Court stated that Using a vehicle on the public road without any registration is not only an offence punishable under Section 192 of the Motor Vehicles Act but also a fundamental breach of the terms and conditions of policy contract.

Narinder Singh v. New India Assurance Company Ltd. and Ors.
CIVIL APPEAL NO.8463 OF 2014

Judgment Dated: 04/09/2014

CORAM : M.Y. Eqbal .J, Pinaki Chandra Ghose .J

• The Constitution Bench upheld the Uttar Pradesh Official Language (Amendment) Act, 1989 as constitutionally valid.

U.P. Hindi Sahitya Sammelan v. State of U.P.
CIVIL APPEAL NO.459 OF 1997

Judgment Dated:04/09/2014

CORAM: R.M. Lodha CJI, Dipak Misra .J, Madan B. Lokur .J, Kurian Joseph .J, S.A. Bobde .J

PRIMARY ISSUE:

Whether it is constitutional for the U.P. Legislative Assembly to declare Urdu as the second official language through the 1989 Amendment Act once it has declared Hindi as the official language in 1951 under Article 345 of the Constitution of India.

CATCHPHRASE:

1. Concept of "Official Language" and its history (Refer para 19 to 23 of the Judgment.

2. Interpretation of Art.345 and 347 (Refer para 25 to 31 of the judgment)
3. Reference of Sec.14 of General Clauses Act,1897 (Refer para 43)

• When reliance is placed upon Dying Declaration,the court must be satisfied that the dying declaration is true, voluntary and not as a result of either tutoring or prompting or a product of imagination - Says the Division Bench of supreme Court

PREMPAL v. STATE OF HARYANA
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 2030 OF 2012

Judgment Date : 03/09/2014

CORAM : R. BANUMATHI .J, T.S. THAKUR .J

• The Constitution Bench of Supreme Court stated that teachers of privately managed primary schools and primary sections of privately managed high schools are eligible to receive their salaries from the State Government.

State of U.P. & Ors. v. Pawan Kumar Divedi & Ors.
CIVIL APPEAL NO.3989 OF 2006
Judgment Dated ; 02/09/2014

CORAM :R.M. Lodha .J,Jagdish Singh Khehar .J, A.K. Sikri .J,Rohinton Fali Nariman .J Chelameswar, J.

CATCHPHRASE:

1. Application of Doctrine of Resonable Classification
2. Application of Principle " Ut res Magis Valeat cum Pereat" 

• The Constitution Bench ( 4:1 ratio) held that the fundamental right to life and the irreversibility of a death sentence mandate that oral hearing be  given at the review stage in death sentence cases, as a just, fair and  reasonable procedure under Article 21 mandates such hearing, and  cannot give way to the severe stress of the workload of the Supreme  Court.

Mohd. Arif @ Ashfaq v. The Registrar, Supreme Court of India & Ors.

WRIT PETITION (CRIMINAL) NO.77 OF 2014
Judgment Dated: 2/09/2014

CORAM : R.M. Lodha .J,Jagdish Singh Khehar .J, A.K. Sikri .J,Rohinton Fali Nariman .J Chelameswar, J.

CATCHPHRASE:
1. This judgment partially overrules P.N. Eswara Iyer & Others v. Registrar, Supreme Court of India, (1980) 4 SCC 680.

2. Read about the origin of Art.21 of the Constitution in Para 17, 18, 19, 20,21 and 22 of the Rohinton's Judgment.

3.A sentence is a compound of many factors, including the nature of the offence as well as the circumstances extenuating or aggravating the offence.

4.The statement of Justice Holmes, that "the life of law is not logic; it is experience" has been applied by the Hon'ble Court.

• The Division Bench of Supreme Court discerned 10 principles for admission in Medical Colleges. (Please refer...Para 30 of the Judgment)
• The Supreme Court reiterated the principle of "Vigilantibus Non Domantibus, Jure Subservient"

Chandigarh Administration & Another v. Jasmine Kaur & others
CIVIL APPEAL NOS.8377- 8378 OF 2014
Judgment Dated : 1st September, 2014

CORAM : Fakkir Mohamed Ibrahim Kalifulla .J, Shiva Kirti Singh .J

• The constitution Bench of Supreme Court reiterated that Appellate Jurisdiction is Genus and Revisional Jurisdiction is its species.

(Refer Para 25 of the Judgment)

Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. v. Dilbahar Singh
CIVIL APPEAL NO.6177 OF 2004

Judgment Dated : 27th August, 2014

CORAM :R.M. LODHA, CJI. , Dipak Misra .J, Madan B. Lokur .J,Kurian Joseph .J, S.A. Bobde .J

Unique feature of the Case:

1. 11 appeals and 3 special leave petitions have been clubbed together in the instant matter.

2.Examine the meaning of "Legality" and "propriety" under Rent Control Act.